Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) or CO2 capture is a possible major contributor to Denmark reaching the target of a 70 percent CO2 reduction in 2030. This is shown by a new report that Rambøll has prepared for the Danish Waste Association – the trade association for municipalities and municipal waste companies.
The report assesses that it is both technically possible, economically attractive and realistic to capture CO2 from Danish waste-to-energy plants.
Rambøll assesses that the price for CO2 capture, transport and storage, in the short term, will be approximately 595-1,160 kroner per ton CO2.
- In 2030, we will also have large amounts of residual waste, which is best utilized by turning it into green district heating and electricity at a waste-to-energy plant. We must take responsibility for and eliminate these CO2 emissions – and fortunately, it is possible, says Mikkel Brandrup, director of the Danish Waste Association.
The costs of CO2 capture, transport and storage can be further reduced in the long term, so that the total price towards 2050 will end up at between DKK 410-935 per ton of CO2, estimates Rambøll.
Need for infrastructure
The waste-to-energy sector has a total emission of 3.5 million tons of CO2, of which approximately 1.4 million tons of CO2 originate from fossil waste. The Danish Waste Association estimates that it is possible to capture approximately 600,000 tons in 2030.
- Initially, we want to capture the fossil part, but in the longer term, the waste-to-energy plants can also capture CO2 from biogenic waste, which for example originates from wood waste from used kitchens, garden sheds or dirty cardboard. This means that the plants will be able to "absorb" CO2 and contribute with negative emissions, which will probably be necessary to achieve climate goals, says Mikkel Brandrup.
In order for storing CO2 to become attractive, however, the entire infrastructure surrounding the transport of the captured CO2 must be looked at. According to the Danish Waste Association, a possible solution is for Energinet to establish transport facilities for CO2.
- CO2 capture only makes sense when there is someone to accept it afterwards. Therefore, infrastructure must be established for the subsequent transport, storage or utilization. Rambøll's report indicates that it makes sense to connect several plants to the same infrastructure in order to achieve economies of scale," says Mikkel Brandrup.
The National Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) assesses that there are storage options both near the coast and in the subsurface at sea.
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